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Sporidiobolus salmonicolor
''Sporoidiobolus salmonicolor'' is a yeast-like fungus in the Basidiomycota more commonly known by the name of its asexual yeast-like state, ''Sporobolomyces salmonicolor''.〔 It is generally considered a Biosafety Risk Group 1 fungus;〔 however isolates of ''S. salmonicolor'' have been recovered from cerebrospinal fluid, infected skin, a nasal polyp, lymphadenitis and a case of endophthalmitis.〔〔〔〔 It has also been reported in AIDS-related infections.〔 The fungus exists predominantly in the asexual state as a unicellular, haploid yeast yet this species can sometimes produce a sexual state when conjugation of compatible yeast cells occurs. The asexual form consists of a characteristic, pink, ballistosporic yeast.〔 Ballistoconidia are borne from slender extensions of the cell known as sterigma, and are forcibly ejected into the air upon maturity.〔 Levels of airborne yeast cells peak during the night and are abundant in areas of decaying leaves and grains.〔〔 Three varieties of ''Sporobolomyces salmonicolor'' have been described; ''S. salmonicolor'' var. ''albus'', ''S. salmonicolor'' var. ''fischerii'',〔 and ''S. salmonicolor'' var. ''salmoneus''.〔
==Taxonomy==
In 1924, Kluyver and van Niel coined the genus ''Sporobolomyces'' and classified it under the Basidiomycota.〔 They recognized that the yeast phase produced by ''Sporobolomyces'' exhibited the same forcible discharge mechanism as the basidiospores of the Basidiomycota.〔 They therefore hypothesized that the asexual ballistoconidia of ''Sporobolomyces'' are homologues with the basidiospores of the Basidiomycota.〔 Their hypothesis however was questioned by many who did not consider the asexual nature of the ballistoconidia as a basidiomycetous trait. Its classification as a basidiomycetous yeast was further demonstrated by Nyland (1949) with the discovery of its teleomorph; the genus ''Sporidiobolus''.〔 The teleomorph presented basidiomycetous traits such as the presence of dikaryotic hyphae with clamp connections and the formation of resting spores known as teliospores.〔 In the past, ''Sporidiobolus salmonicolor'' was thought to be conspecific with ''Sporidiobolus johnsonii''; however it is now well established that they are distinct taxa.〔 ''Sporidiobolus salmonicolor'' is distinguished from ''S. johnsonii'' by the absence in the former of assimilation of maltose, methyl-a-D-glucoside, cellobiose or salicin.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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